Hendon Aerodrome

Hendon Aerodrome was an aerodrome in Hendon, north London, England that, between 1908 and 1968, was an important centre for aviation.

It was situated in Colindale, seven miles (11.3 km) north west of Charing Cross. It nearly became "the Charing Cross of the UK's international air routes", but for the actions of RAF after the First World War. It was famous as a place of pioneering experiments which included the first airmail, the first parachute descent from a powered aircraft, the first night flights, and the first aerial defence of a city.

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Beginnings

Henry Coxwell and James Glaisher were the first to fly from Hendon in a balloon called the Mammoth in 1862, and ballooning at the Brent Reservoir was a very popular spectacle for the crowds gathered on bank holidays late in the 19th century. The first powered flight from Hendon was in an 88-foot (27 m) long non-rigid airship built by Spencer Brothers of Highbury. It took off from the Welsh Harp Reservoir in 1909 and was piloted by Henry Spencer. Its only passenger was the Australian suffragette Muriel Matters. The first attempt at aeroplane flight was by H.P. Martin and G.H. Handasyde again at the Welsh Harp. They constructed a monoplane with four engines in the ballroom of the hotel, but were never able to get the result airborne.

Inspired by Louis Bleriot’s flight across the Channel, Everett, Edgecumbe and Co began to experiment with an aircraft to be built at their works at Colindale near Hendon, erecting a small hangar to house the it. Between 1908 and 1910 their “Grasshopper”, as the plane was called, taxied about and left the ground briefly, but refused to get truly airborne,these attempts attracting quite a crowd.

In 1906, before any powered flight had taken place in Britain, the Daily Mail newspaper had challenged aviators to fly from London to Manchester or vice-versa, offering a prize of ÂŁ10,000. The journey had to be completed within twenty-four hours, with no more than two landings.[1] Aircraft and engine design had improved sufficiently by 1910 to make an attempt to win the prize realistic, and both Claude Grahame White and the French aviator Louis Paulhan prepared for the challenge during April 1910. Grahame White made two attempts, but it was Paulhan who succeeded. He chose a field on the future aerodrome site as his point of departure. On 27 April he flew 117 miles from Hendon to Lichfield, easily the longest flight in the UK at that time. Before dawn on 28 April he took off and reached Burnage on the outskirts of Manchester after three hours 55 minutes in the air, during a period of just over twelve hours.[2] This was the first true flight from the Hendon site.

London Aerodrome

Claude Grahame White created a new company, the Grahame-White Aviation Company, taking control of more than 200 acres (0.81 km2) of Colindale and converting it into what could be recognised as a proper modern airfield. The first occupants were Horatio Barber's Aeronautical Syndicate Ltd and the Bleriot flying school.[3] Between 9 and 16 September 1911 the first official UK airmail was flown between Hendon and Windsor as part of the celebrations of the coronation of George V'.[4] In 1912 The first aerial derby was held at Hendon. An estimated three million people turned out all around London, forming a human ring around the race circuit to see the aviators fly round the metropolis. An estimated two million of these Londoners had never seen an aircraft in flight before.[5] At Hendon Aerodrome, where the race started and finished, at least 45,000 people paid for admission to the enclosures.[6] These annual events became as important as Ascot and Epsom during the London Season. By 1925, 100,000 people were coming to see the display, and it was so popular that there was talk of it having to be spread over a few days.[7] The first fatality at Hendon, reported in The Times in May 1911, was Bernard Benson (aged 23). On May 25, 1911 He fell 100 feet (30 m) from a ASL Valkyrie.[8][9]

Claude Grahame White and other members of the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) mounted a night defence of London in 1915, constituting the very first aerial defence of London. In November 1916 the War Office commandeered the flying schools at Hendon, after which the aerodrome trained 490 pilots. The first RAF “Pageant” was held in 1920, and it soon became a regular event, in 1925 became known as the Royal Air Force Display, Hendon[10][11] Then in 1938 and for a brief period was called the "Empire Air Day".[12] The Aerodrome was briefly active during the Battle of Britain, but for most of World War II the Aerodrome was mainly used for transport activities, and flying dignitaries to and from London.

RAF Hendon had three crossed runways with magnetic headings of :-

QDM 339 - 3975 x 150 feet QDM 280 - 3000 x 150 feet QDM 014 - 3060 x 150 feet

These runways were removed by 1969. Airfield layout reproduced by kind permission RAF Museum.

Manufacturing at Hendon

Production of aeroplanes was one of the features of the aerodrome's activities under Grahame White. During the First World War production increased rapidly. To facilitate the transportation of the 3500 workers and materials, The Midland Railway built a spur from the embanked main line with a platform close to the main line and a loop around the airfield to the plant. It had been Claude Grahame White’s conviction that Hendon would become “the Charing Cross of our international air routes”, but the Air Ministry took over in 1922, which led to a protracted and ugly legal action lasting until 1925, when Grahame White leaving the site.

The end of aviation at Hendon

The use of Hendon as an airfield was under thread even before the war, since it was considered that RAF Hendon would become a target for enemy bombing raids. After the war the base was increasingly unsuitable, particularly because the runways were too short, and the proximity of residential areas made matters worse. The RAF argued the military importance of the complex into the 1950s in case future developments in aviation technology might render the base suitable again, but eventually Hendon Borough Council and the London County Council were able to argue that houses were needed more than the aerodrome. The last flying unit, the Metropolitan Communication Squadron, left Hendon in November 1957.[13] The entrance to the aerodrome can be seen in "the parade" scene in the 1967 film The Dirty Dozen, with at one point a Slingsby glider of the then-resident 617 Volunteer Gliding School of the Air Training Corps launching in the background. Late in 1968, when two of the three runways had been removed, a Blackburn Beverley was flown in to be an exhibit at the new RAF Museum: this was the last aircraft to land in Hendon. The RAF base finally closed in 1987. The site of the aerodrome is now occpied by the Grahame Park housing estate, Hendon Police College and the RAF Museum which is situated on south east side of the site.

Hendon today

Today Hendon houses the London branch of the Royal Air Force Museum which portrays the role of the Royal Air Force in the development of aviation and avionics in the United Kingdom. The museum consists of several buildings containing a range of permanent exhibitions including "Our Finest Hour" in the Battle Of Britain Hall which was designed, produced and installed by specialist theme park and museum designers Sarner Ltd [14], the award winning "Milestones of Flight" which details the major developments in flight technology from 1903 to 2003, two buildings containing various aircraft and helicopters, and part of the Grahame-White Factory, which contains many examples of original aircraft from World War One and the early days of aviation. Admission to the museum is free; as of 2010, there is a parking fee. The museum runs a programme of free events throughout the year suitable for children and young adults as well as a 3D cinema, located in "Milestones of Flight", plus exploration Gallery "Aeronauts Interactive".

References

Notes
Bibliography
  • Baldwin, N.C. (1960), Fifty Years of British Air Mails, Francis J.Field Ltd, ISBN none 
  • Scholefield, R.A. (2004), Manchester's Early Airfields, an extended chapter in Moving Manchester, Lancashire & Cheshire Antiquarian Society, ISSN 0950-4699 
  • Sturtivant, Ray (1997), Royal Air Force Flying Training and Support Units, Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd, ISBN 0-85130-252-1 

External links